Non-Destructive tests (NDT) may be defined as those in which the test specimen would not damage such that it is rendered useless for future for which it was originally meant.
While studying various mechanical tests in previous sections, we have noted the effects of cracks and flaws. These should be detected at the early stages and the component replaced otherwise disaster will result. One can detect all microscopic flaws by NDT. NDT is the the method of detection and measurement of properties or condition of material, structures, machines without damaging (or) destroying their operational capabilities. Examples of NDT are: radiography, magnetic particle inspection, ultrasonic test, penetrating liquid method, electrical method, damping. All NDTs are used to detect various types of flaws on the surface of material or internal inclusions of impurities and these techniques are also very useful during preventing maintenance and repair. There are few techniques which do not require any special apparatus and are quite simple to handle and only a moderate skill being required. Some of the applications of NDTs are detecting: (i) surface cracks (ii) material composition (iii) internal inclusions (iv) internal voids and discontinuities and (v) condition of internal stress.
Now, we describe the various methods used for Non-destructive testing are as follows:
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